Hit by NPAs, PNB to focus on lending to better-rated firms

MD and CEO of the Punjab National Bank,
 Usha Ananthasubramanian

Impacted by asset quality woes, state-run Punjab National Bank today said it will focus on lending to better-rated corporates for credit growth.

"We are looking for highly rated accounts like AAAs and AAs, but it does not mean we will shy away from the B-rated accounts.

"However, the preference is always for the higher rated corporates," the bank's Managing Director and CEO Usha Ananthasubramanian told reporters here. 

She said even if income is going to be less from such accounts, there is stability in this segment as the capital charge is reduced. 

"We also encourage the B-rated companies because that rating does not mean they are bad. The only thing is that where the capital charge is more, we re-look and want them to be supported by collateral," Ananthasubramanian said. 

Although the bank gets proposals from sectors which are not performing well, it takes a conscious decision not to get into them, she said. 

"We do not want iron and steel but where we are already in, it is difficult to come out. Thermal power, gas-based power plants are some of the sticky areas. The old projects we have to continue and should support but we are not keen on incremental fresh exposure," she said when asked which sectors the bank is more cautious about. 

The bank had yesterday reported a 58 per cent decline in net profit to Rs 306 crore for April-June period on account of rising bad loans. 

Provision for NPAs jumped almost three-fold to Rs 3,620 crore from Rs 1,291 crore in the same period a year ago. GNPA ratio shot up to 13.75 per cent.
Speaking about recoveries, Ananthasubramanian said the 

bank is trying to recover non-performing loans which have turned bad. 

"How it improves our asset quality is a thing we have to see and one quarter will not decide it. So going forward, if you are able to control the slippages and improve the recoveries to outnumber the slippages, then it will reflect in the asset quality of the bank," she said. 

The bank has identified some bad loans to be sold to asset reconstruction companies (ARCs). 

"We have already lined up about 72 accounts which have been identified but it is not known how many of them will actually be put on sale," she said. 

The bank has enough security receipts (SRs) and is fine with the SR route as well, she added. 

"It is a misconception that the bank is always after full upfront cash purchases by ARCs," she said.

Asked whether bank has identified accounts under the scheme for sustainable structuring of stressed assets (S4A), Ananthasubramanian said the accounts are run by a consortium of lenders and not by one bank. So, most of the accounts where the bank would like to invoke S4A, there are other consortium lenders. 

She, however, said only completed projects which have commenced operations are eligible for S4A. 

"Unless they generate a positive earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA), it will not be possible because the servicing of the loan starts the day you identify the sustainable debt and the unsustainable debt," she added.

Banks with strong networks will find takers

Mumbai The government, which recently stepped up focus on consolidating weaker public sector banks (PSBs), plans to reduce the number from 27 now to six or seven larger banks.While market capitalisation is a reflection of how the Street (investors, analysts, etc) views the bank's core fundamentals, the current state as well as the future prospects, a detailed look at the nine months' data of these banks provides some insight on their financial and business condition.In terms of asset quality, for instance, Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) and UCO Bank are the worst placed as they had the highest gross non-performing assets (NPA) at 12.6 per cent and 11 per cent, respectively, as on December 31, 2015.Dena Bank was the third on this list with gross NPA ratio of 9.9 per cent. 

However, if one adds the restructured assets, it would reflect the real asset quality picture of a bank. While the latest figures of total stressed assets for many banks are not available, the situation is not alarming, say analysts.Many PSBs also have low levels of capital to fund growth as well as any fresh losses that they may witness on account of bad loans. For example, while Dena Bank reported a net loss for the nine months ending December 31, 2015; its Tier-1 capital of 7.1 per cent is the lowest amongst its peers. United Bank's Tier-1 capital ratio, too, stood at 7.1 per cent in this period. Again, not all banks have declared their Tier-1 capital ratios as at the end of the December 2015 quarter.Notably, while PSBs consolidation will be largely driven by regulations, larger banks would not want to buy banks having low capital adequacy as well as poor asset quality, unless they prove to be of strategic importance. A key factor that will aid consolidation will be a bank's branch network. Historically, banks having larger presence in one region have bought smaller banks having stronger presence in another region. This ensures there is minimal overlap and the businesses are complementary in nature. The key hurdle and integration challenge, though, will be the employee unions in some of the PSBs that might resist such mergers and acquisitions. Nevertheless, with the advent of digital banking, the attraction of a branch network might not be enough.Analysts, however, believe most smaller and relatively weaker PSU banks could be potential takeover targets.Vaibhav Agrawal of Angel Broking says, "United Bank, IOB, OBC, Dena Bank, Vijaya Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, Andhra Bank, Indian Bank, Corporation Bank, among others, could be key takeover targets. The prime criteria will be complementary network, capital adequacy, asset quality, unions and actual integration of this merger."

Sun Capital

DRT freezes Vijay Mallya’s sweetheart deal with Diageo

Debt recovery tribunal says payment to Vijay Mallya can’t be made until case filed by SBI, other lenders is disposed of

Bengaluru: UB Group chairman Vijay Mallya received a setback on Monday when the debt recovery tribunal (DRT) in Bengaluru blocked him from getting his hands on a $75 million payout by Diageo Plc., responding to an application by creditors led by State Bank of India (SBI).

The tribunal said Mallya cannot access the money until a case filed against him by SBI is settled. The order came in response to one of the four so-called interlocutory applications filed last week by SBI, which also demanded the arrest of Mallya, the impounding of his passport and a full disclosure of his assets and liabilities.

SBI has also moved the Karnakata high court for similar directives.

Banks owed money by Mallya’s grounded Kingfisher Airlines have the “first right” to the Diageo money, according to SBI.

The tribunal on Monday also directed London-based Diageo and its Indian unit United Spirits Ltd (USL) not to disburse any money to Mallya before the case is disposed of. It set the next hearing for 28 March.

Sun Capital

Banks will have to lower lending rates in April

Mumbai Irrespective of whether the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cuts its policy rate on or before the April 5 policy review, banks will have to cut their lending rates by at least 25-30 basis points (bps) in April, to catch up with the lag in transmission.

The central bank has, so far, cut its repo rate by 125 bps and banks have passed on between 60-70 bps of the cut. If the central bank cuts some more, as is expected by the market, banks' lending rate cuts should be steeper, too. One basis point is 0.01 per cent.

But, the lending rate cuts might not happen immediately in March, as banks would ideally want to shore up their treasury profits by taking advantage of the recent dip in bond yields, and also enjoy an improvement in spreads in the last month of the financial year, when credit demand generally picks up.

The resultant profit will also mend their bottom line to some extent, as they have been severely hit by RBI's asset quality review programme, which will continue to exert pressure in the March quarter as well. "Transmission will happen, irrespective of the rate cut quantum (by RBI)," said Soumya Kanti Ghosh, chief economist, State Bank of India.

However, that will likely not be in March, said A Prasanna, chief economist at ICICI Securities Primary Dealership Ltd.

"There is pressure on bank balance sheets now. Transmission will improve with liquidity in April," Prasanna said.

From April 1, RBI's marginal cost-based lending rate (MCLR) would kick in, which will prod banks to use their incremental cost of funds, rather than average cost of deposits to arrive at the lending rate. Since money market rates move faster than deposit rates and banks tap into these money markets, the incremental cost will add dynamism in lending rate calculations. And, 10-year bond yields have fallen 15-20 bps since the Budget. If this trend continues till March-end, banks would have to factor in this drop.

Finally, with RBI infusing longer-term liquidity in the system through secondary bond market purchases, banks should have less reason to complain that system liquidity tightness is not letting them pass on rate cuts. Under the new liquidity framework, RBI ensures call money rates are anchored at around the repo rate, no matter how much liquidity infusion is needed. However, bankers have complained that the liquidity infused is short-term, and more permanent liquidity needs to be infused through secondary market bond purchase. The central bank does so through its open market operations, or OMO. Including a scheduled Rs 15,000-crore OMO purchase on Thursday, RBI's liquidity infusion is close to Rs 50,000 crore in recent months.

The OMOs, and with government spending picking up, have ensured that from an acute shortage of Rs 1.6 lakh crore at the end of January, banking system liquidity has improved to less than Rs 1 lakh crore now.

But there would be stress on the liquidity front again, starting March 15, when advanced tax outflow starts, pointed out Gaurav Kapur, India economist at Royal Bank of Scotland.

The tight liquidity condition would be needed to be evened out first before banks can move with rate cuts and that would be by the next financial year, Kapur said.

However, whether the rate cut would be of any meaning to revive growth is a different question altogether, articulated IDFC Bank's Chief Economist Indranil Pan.

"With MCLR pricing the incremental cost, pass-through of the cumulative 125-basis point rate cut is expected to be at 25-30 bps. So, even after a transmission of 85-90 bps if credit growth doesn't take place, one needs to ask if the problem lies with the RBI rate cuts and transmission mechanism or the credit channel itself," Pan said.

Investment Banking 

Six or more anchor banks likely to lead consolidation

The government will identify six to ten public sector banks which will drive the consolidation process among the state-owned banks, according to bankers.

Called the anchor banks, they will be identified by October 31, 2016, the bankers told The Hindu.

Large lenders like State Bank of India (SBI), Bank of Baroda (BoB), Punjab National Bank (PNB) and Canara Bank could become the anchor banks, they said.The government will set up an expert panel for the consolidation process. The Bank Board Bureau headed by former Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) Vinod Rai, which was recently formed to select chief executives and board members of public sector banks, will also help in the consolidation process.

The idea of bank consolidation was discussed at length during the ‘Gyan Sangam’ bankers’ retreat at Gurgaon last week.

Top finance ministry officials, bankers and Reserve Bank of India (RBI) officials were present during the discussions.

Merger between the banks will be based on geographical and technological synergies, human resources and business profile, among others.

Consolidation among public sector banks has been under discussionfor about a decade now.The previous United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government also wanted consolidation among public sector banks but had maintained that such a proposal should come from bank boards.

However, no bank went ahead with such a proposal, formally. There are 22 public sector banks in the country apart from five associate banks of State Bank of India. The present National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government has looked at the consolidation process differently and initiated it, bankers said.

Interestingly, during last year’s Gyan Sangam in Pune, bankers had opposed the idea of consolidation among public sector banks on the ground that the financial health of most of the banks had deteriorated. Hence, no bank was ready to absorb even a weaker institution.The mood at in this year’sGyan Sangam was different, bankers said. “The tone was set from the beginning. It was not a question of whether to consolidate or not, rather how to consolidate,” said a banker who attended the retreat.

“We were given the choice of either merging with other bank or to perform without the support of capital infusion from government,” said another banker. He said it will be difficult for public sector banks to survive without government capital.

The financial performance of public sector banks reflected a sharp deterioration after the RBI conducted an Asset Quality Review (AQR). During the review, the central bank’s inspectors found that many accounts, which ideally should have been treated as non-performing, were not classified so by the banks. The RBI then directed the banks to classify those accounts as non-performing and provide accordingly during the October-December and January-March quarters. As a result, as many as 11 public sector banks including Bank of Baroda, IDBI Bank, Bank of India and Indian Overseas Bank reported losses last quarter. The current quarter will be equally challenging for many banks.

“Things have changed since the AQR,” another banker pointed out. “There are many banks which will find it difficult to survive without capital infusion from government. If a bank remains weak, then it will lose business. In such a situation, merging with a relatively stronger bank seems to be the only option.”

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